- Over a third (34%) of adults without school education or training beyond school say they are not learning any new digital skills compared with just 17% of college graduates
- 53% of workers believe automation will significantly change or make their job obsolete within the next ten years (only 28% feel this is unlikely)
- 77% of adults would learn new skills now or completely retrain to improve their future employability
People given fewer opportunities to learn new digital skills are more fearful of the impact of automation, and are more likely to have lower levels of education.
The findings come from new PwC research of more than 22,000 adults across 11 countries worldwide, and build on PwC's economic analysis on the impact of automation on jobs.
While 53% of workers surveyed believe automation will significantly change or make their job obsolete within the next ten years (only 28% felt this unlikely). The majority, 61%, were positive about the impact of technology on their day-to-day work, and 77% of people would learn new skills now or completely retrain to improve their future employability.
However, opportunities and attitudes vary significantly by an individual's level of education. Location, gender and age also play a part.
Impact of education
Degree-educated respondents are the most optimistic about technology and their future employment prospects - even though they believe their current job is likely to change significantly or be displaced.
Conversely, over a third (34%) of adults without post-secondary school education or training say they are not learning any new digital skills compared with 17% of college graduates. Those workers without education or training beyond high school are also less likely to be offered such training opportunities by their employers (38% are getting no opportunities compared with 20% of graduate workers). They are also more worried about the impact of technology on jobs, with 17% saying they are nervous or scared.
Richard Oldfield, Global Markets Leader at PwC, said:
"The mismatch between the skills people have and those needed for the digital world is fast becoming one of the world's most important problems. While technology will likely create as many jobs as it displaces, they will be very different, and people need the skills to adapt. There's a huge appetite among people to learn, but the opportunities to do so are not evenly spread. These disparities are only going to get more extreme without serious attention from governments, NGOs and businesses."
Demographic differences
Men are more likely than women to think that technology will have a positive impact on their jobs and improve their employment prospects. They are also more likely to be learning new skills (80% of the men surveyed say they are doing so versus 74% of women).
Likewise 18-34 year olds are more optimistic about the digital future than any other adult age group. They are also getting more training opportunities. For example, 69% of 18-34 year olds feel positively about the future impact of technology on their jobs, compared with 59% of 35-54 year olds, and 50% of those aged 55+. Only 18% of 18-34 year olds say are being given no opportunities to learn new digital skills by their employer. For 35-54 year olds and those aged 55+ the figures are 29% and 38% respectively.
People are split on the skills they want to learn. Similar proportions want to become proficient in a specific technology to those wanting to become better at learning and adapting to different technologies.
Carol Stubbings, Joint Global Leader for People and Organisation, and partner at PwC UK, said:
"Not everyone needs to be able to write code but they do need to understand how technology will change the world of work and how it can benefit them. Upskilling is about creating a culture of continuous learning and curiosity, and this is something many organisations are grappling with. Too often assumptions are made about the type of worker who should be upskilled, and a vicious cycle emerges whereby people are left behind.
With people facing longer working lives, upskilling is all the more important. Improving digital skills could also help improve productivity growth, which remains low despite trillions of dollars of tech investment each year."
Country comparisons
Looking across the markets surveyed, workers in China and India are by far the most upbeat about the impact of technology (even after adjusting for cultural bias), despite being the most likely to believe their jobs will change significantly. Workers in these regions are getting more opportunities to upskill: 97% and 95% respectively are being given these opportunities by their employers. On the other hand, workers in the UK and Australia say they are given the least opportunity to learn new skills. They tend to be less positive about the impact of technology.
Whether people live in rural or urban locations also has a bearing on their attitudes toward technology. For example, 67% of city dwellers believe their job prospects will be improved by technology (48% in rural areas), and 80% are being given upskilling opportunities by their employers, compared with 60% of workers residing in rural communities.
Richard Oldfield, Global Markets Leader at PwC, added:
"Our research gives a glimpse into the opportunity gap for adapting to the automated world. Given the people completing our survey are more likely to be digitally aware, the picture across the wider population is likely to be more pronounced."
The survey builds on PwC research showing that 30% of jobs are at risk from automation by the mid-2030s based on analysis across 29 countries. Meanwhile, PwC's 2019 annual CEO survey shows that the availability of skills is a top concern for 79% of CEOs.
Vilaiporn Taweelappontong, Consulting Lead Partner at PwC Thailand, said:
"Today, the emergence of automation, AI and other technologies has inevitably affected how we work and our employees. Over the next decade, we'll see even more demand for new skills. This is a major issue for both the government and for top corporate leaders.
"At PwC, apart from investing in new technologies, we're also trying to upskill our people, which is one of our main priorities. We want our people to have digital skills no matter title they possess, and we are making sure that no one is being left behind. On top of that, we would like to urge the government and all relevant sectors to support upskilling the Thai workforce, especially in the manufacturing industry. These efforts will help Thai workers meet their potential in line with the national strategy to embrace digital technology."